Buerger’s disease

Diagnosis

Buerger disease cannot be diagnosed with a test. However, testing can be performed to rule out other common illnesses that may cause similar symptoms.

The doctor may require the following tests:

• Blood tests: Diabetes, blood-clotting disorders, and autoimmune disorders such as scleroderma or lupus may all be detected by blood tests.
• Examination of the arteries in hands and feet: This test is frequently performed in a vascular laboratory. During the exam, blood pressure cuffs and ultrasound imaging are employed to observe how blood flows through the hands and feet. Other tests to assess blood flow to the skin may be performed.
• Imaging tests: During the procedure, a specific dye may be administered via IV prior to the photos being taken. The dye makes the arteries more visible in the photographs. CT or MRI scans can measure the amount of blood flowing via the arteries.
• Angiogram: This is a type of imaging test that reveals the blood arteries and blood flow in the body. During the procedure, a catheter is placed into a blood vessel, and a dye, commonly known as contrast, is delivered through the catheter to arteries in the heart. The dye makes the arteries more visible on X-ray images and video. This allows healthcare provider to see blockages in the hands and feet’s very small blood vessels.

Treatment

While there is currently no known treatment or cure for Buerger’s disease, the most effective approach to prevent its progression is to quit smoking, including marijuana and nicotine products. Even smoking as few as one cigarette per day can exacerbate the condition. It is important to note that exposure to secondhand smoke should also be avoided.

The use of electronic cigarettes, vaping, and nicotine replacement products is not recommended as options for individuals with Buerger’s disease. Nicotine, which is present in these products, is believed to irritate blood vessels and can potentially worsen the condition. In order to assist individuals in quitting smoking, doctors may suggest various interventions and strategies aimed at smoking cessation.

Participating in a live-in program at a treatment center or hospital can be beneficial for individuals looking to quit smoking. These programs typically involve spending several days or weeks in a supportive environment, where individuals can receive guidance and assistance in overcoming cigarette cravings. Through such programs, individuals can learn effective strategies to cope with cravings and develop a healthier, non-smoking lifestyle.

When people with Buerger’s disease quit smoking, their symptoms typically improve. When people stop smoking, the disease goes into remission.

While quitting smoking is the most effective approach, there are additional treatment options available to manage the symptoms of Buerger’s disease. These treatments, although not as impactful as smoking cessation, can provide some relief.

• Medicines: Specific medications can help with the symptoms of Buerger’s disease such as anticoagulants, vasodilators, analgesics, antibiotics, and medicines to prevent inflammation.
  In cases of severe symptoms associated with Buerger’s disease, a medication named bosentan may be considered as a potential treatment option. Although its primary approval is for managing pulmonary hypertension, a few studies have indicated that bosentan could enhance blood flow in individuals with Buerger’s disease.
  Vasodilators, such as calcium channel blockers, can improve blood flow. Anticoagulants can help prevent blood clots. Antibiotics can be used to treat ulcers.
• Compression therapy: This is a typical treatment for increasing blood flow in the arms or legs. This is done by wearing a sleeve over the injured arm or leg and is then linked to a pump. The pump alternately pumps air into the sleeve. The sleeve inflates, gently squeezing the affected part of the body. During the treatment, blood flow to the affected area is increased through pressure.
• Surgery or other procedures: Amputation is necessary in situations where infection or tissue death occurs in an affected arm or leg. Buerger’s disease results in a significant reduction in blood flow, leading to potential damage or necrosis of the skin tissue.