Diphtheria

Diagnosis

Healthcare providers diagnose diphtheria by assessing symptoms and conducting lab tests, typically using a throat swab to collect samples from the back of the throat or a sore. These samples are sent to a lab for analysis. Diphtheria may be suspected in a child displaying symptoms such as a sore throat with a gray membrane covering the tonsils and throat. Confirmation of the diagnosis involves detecting the growth of C. diphtheriae in a lab culture from the throat membrane. Additionally, doctors can test tissue samples from infected wounds to identify the specific type of diphtheria affecting the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). Treatment for diphtheria is initiated promptly upon suspicion, even before receiving bacterial test results.

Treatment

Diphtheria is a severe illness that requires immediate and aggressive medical intervention. The primary focus for doctors is ensuring that the airway remains unobstructed. In certain cases, a breathing tube may be inserted into the throat to maintain an open airway until inflammation subsides. Treatment modalities include:

• Antibiotics: Medications such as penicillin or erythromycin are administered to eliminate bacteria in the body, hastening the resolution of the infection. This not only aids the patient’s recovery but also reduces the contagious period.
• Antitoxin: When diphtheria is suspected, doctors may administer an antitoxin to counteract the diphtheria toxin. This medication, sourced from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is typically injected into a vein or muscle. Before administering the antitoxin, doctors may conduct skin allergy tests to ensure the patient has no adverse reactions. If an allergy is detected, alternative treatment options are explored.

Hospitalization is often necessary for both children and adults with diphtheria. In some cases, isolation in an intensive care unit is recommended due to the ease with which diphtheria can spread to non-vaccinated individuals.

Preventive treatment

If you have been exposed to someone with diphtheria, seeking prompt medical attention is crucial. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics as a preventive measure against developing the disease. Additionally, a booster dose of the diphtheria vaccine might be recommended.

Individuals identified as carriers of diphtheria undergo antibiotic treatment to eradicate the bacteria from their systems. Regular testing and preventive measures play a crucial role in managing and curbing the spread of this potentially deadly disease.