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Bone spurs, also known as osteophytes, are bony projections that form along bone edges and often occur near joints as a result of joint damage or arthritis. They can be found in the feet, hands, knees, and spine. The main cause of bone spur is the joint damage associated with osteoarthritis. A healthy lifestyle may delay the onset of symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Most bone spurs do not cause symptoms and can go undetected for years and may not require treatment. However, if necessary, treatment option may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery, and will depend on the location of the spurs and their impact on overall health.
Symptoms
Bone spurs are often asymptomatic and may go unnoticed until discovered on an X-ray for another reason. However, bone spurs can occasionally result in joint pain and a reduction in range of motion.
Symptoms of bone spurs vary based on their location and may include:
- Knee. Leg extension and flexion can be painful if you have bone spurs in your knee.
- Spine.Bone spur can narrow the spinal canal and pinch nerve, leading to weakness or numbness in arms or legs.
- Hip. Bone spurs can cause discomfort in the hip joint, which may be felt as pain in the knee. Bone spurs may restrict the range of motion in your hip joint depending on the location of the spurs.
If you s discomfort or swelling in one or more joints, or have difficulty moving a joint, it is recommended to schedule a visit with a doctor.
Causes
Osteoarthritis is the most frequent cause of joint damage leading to the formation of bone spurs. Osteoarthritis is a degeneration of cartilage, the firm and flexible tissue that cushions bone and facilitates joint movement. Osteoarthritis can occur as a result of aging or from damage, such as from a sports injury. The body tries to compensate for the loss of cartilage by producing new bone, resulting in the formation of bone spurs.
Risk factors
People of any age can develop bone spurs, but those over 60 years old are most susceptible. People with arthritis have a higher risk of developing bone spurs.
Diagnosis
During physical exam, the doctor may evaluate for the source of pain by examining the area around the joint. To inspect your joints and bones, your doctor may also request X-rays. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may also be performed to evaluate any potential tendon or ligament injuries.
Treatment
There are various ways to treat bone spurs. Home remedies and lifestyle modifications can be effective in managing osteophyte symptoms, including using ice to reduce swelling, taking over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, resting, wearing supportive shoes or inserts, and losing weight to decrease stress on the bones and joints. If these methods do not provide enough relief, a healthcare provider may prescribe other treatments such as physical therapy, which can involve exercises and stretches to reduce pain, improve joint mobility, and strengthen the muscles around the affected area. In more severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain medications or cortisone shots. If symptoms persist even after a year of treatment, surgery may be necessary to remove the bone spurs.
