Cholera is Deadly but Preventable – Protect Yourself with the Right Measures

World Health Organization (WHO) reported that from January to November 2024, there were 733,956 reported cases and 5,162 deaths from cholera across 33 countries. Cholera is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is characterized by severe diarrhea and dehydration. Cholera can spread rapidly in areas where hygiene and sanitation systems are compromised, limited access to clean drinking water, and overcrowding. making it a significant public health concern in many parts of the world.

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by consuming food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholera. Common sources include:

1. Drinking water 
2. Eating raw or undercooked food, such as seafood

Symptoms of Cholera

Symptoms of cholera can range from mild to severe and typically appear within hours to a few days after infection. The main symptoms include as follows.

1. Watery diarrhea with 
2. Vomiting
3. Rapid dehydration, leading to 
   • Dry mouth and skin
   • Extreme thirst
   • Low blood pressure
   • Fast heart rate
   • Muscle cramps

If left untreated, severe dehydration can lead to shock, organ failure, and even death.

Most cholera cases result in mild or moderate diarrhea, which can be managed using oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, the condition can escalate rapidly. Severe cases require intravenous fluids, ORS, and antibiotics for effective management.

People who have cholera may not develop symptoms but spread the bacteria through their feces.

Preventing Cholera

Prevention is the most effective strategy against cholera. Here are some steps to protect yourself.

1. Drink Safe Water: Use bottled, boiled, or treated water for drinking and cooking.
2. Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and safe water, especially before eating and after using the restroom.
3. Cook food Thoroughly: Avoid raw or undercooked food, especially seafood, and ensure food is cooked properly.
4. Store food Safely: Keep food in covered containers to prevent contamination by insects.
5. Dispose of Waste Properly: Use trash bins with lids and ensure waste is disposed of correctly. 
6. Avoid Contaminated Areas: Be cautious in areas with known cholera outbreaks.
7. Vaccination: Oral cholera vaccines are available and can provide additional protection, especially for travelers to high-risk regions.

What to Do If Infected

If cholera infection is suspected, immediate action is crucial.

1. Rehydrate: Begin oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
2. Seek Medical Attention: If you have severe diarrhea and vomiting, visit a healthcare provider promptly. Severely dehydrated patients may need rapid intravenous fluids and antibiotics.
3. Isolate the Infected Person: Prevent further contamination, and maintains cleanliness by washing hands regularly and following good hygiene practices.

Cholera is a preventable and treatable disease, but prompt action is essential to avoid severe complications. By maintaining good hygiene, using safe water, and recognizing symptoms early, you can significantly reduce the risk of infection. If you notice signs of cholera, consult a doctor immediately for proper care and treatment.

For more information, please contact

Internal Medicine Center, Vejthani Hospital
Call: (+66)2-734-0000 Ext. 2200, 2204
English Hotline: (+66)85-223-8888