Epithelioid sarcoma

Overview

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that appears to be a painless slow growing mass and is usually found in the soft tissues beneath the skin of the hand, forearm, and distal lower extremities, although it can also occur in other areas of the body. It starts with a single lump and may increase to several lumps, skin ulcerations or a wound that do not heal. Teenagers and young adults usually develop the classic form or distal–type of epithelioid sarcoma. Rare types that are more aggressive such as large–cell epithelioid sarcoma or proximal–type are commonly found in adults. 

If you suspect that you have an epithelioid sarcoma, consult your doctor because to prevent recurrence and spreading to other parts of the body as well as to obtain a more accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. 

Symptoms

Early–stage of soft tissue sarcoma are usually asymptomatic until the disease has progressed to the late stage. Soft tissue sarcoma may manifest the following signs and symptoms:   

• A firm lump or swelling   
• Ulcer on the skin that that do not heal  
• Pain in muscles or nerves   

If you observe any of these, consult your doctor:   

• A lump that is inside a muscle   
• The lump has become painful and enlarged   
• A lump that has recurred even after removal  

Causes  

The cause of soft tissue sarcoma is unknown. Cancer generally starts with the mutation of the DNA of the cells which lead to the cell dividing uncontrollably and then later on forms a tumor. Cancer cells can invade tissues surrounding the area and also spread to other parts of the body.   

Risk factors

The following factors may lead to sarcoma:   

• Inherited syndromes. Parents can pass on to their child the risk of having soft tissue sarcoma.  Hereditary retinoblastoma, Li–Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and Werner syndrome are some of the genetic syndromes that may be inherited.   
• Chemical exposure. Exposure to chemicals such as arsenic, herbicides and dioxin.   
• Radiation exposure. Treatment of other cancers in the past using radiation.