Broken foot

Diagnosis

During the physical examination, your doctor will examine your foot for any sensitive areas to pinpoint the exact location of your pain and determine its underlying cause. To evaluate your foot’s range of motion, your doctor may move it into different positions. Your doctor can also assess your walking pattern by asking you to walk a short distance to evaluate your gait.

Imaging tests

One or more of the imaging tests listed below may be recommended by your doctor if your signs and symptoms point to a break or fracture.

• X-rays. In X-rays, the majority of foot fractures can be seen. To avoid a lot of bone image overlap, the technician might need to take X-rays from various angles. It is common for stress fractures to not be visible on X-rays until the fracture has started to heal.
• Bone scan. A small quantity of radioactive substance will be injected into a vein by a technician for a bone scan. Your bones, especially the areas that have been injured, are drawn to the radioactive substance. On the generated image, damaged regions, including stress fractures, appear as bright patches.
• Computerized Tomography (CT). In a CT scan, X-rays are collected from numerous angles and combined to create cross-sectional images of your body’s internal components. The best course of treatment may be decided by your doctor with the use of a CT scan, which can provide more information about the bone and the soft tissues that surround it.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI technology utilizes powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to produce highly detailed images of the ligaments and bones that make up your foot and ankle. Unlike X-rays, which may miss fractures, this type of imaging can effectively identify them and provide clear visualization of the intricate network of ligaments that help hold your foot and ankle in place.

Treatment

The treatment options for broken feet vary depending on factors such as the type of fracture and the severity of the injury. There are several available treatments that can be considered for this condition.

Non-surgical treatment through RICE protocol

• Rest is a crucial aspect of the healing process for a broken foot. Immobilization of the foot and ankle is typically achieved by wearing a cast or brace, which helps to keep the affected area stable and prevent further injury. By limiting movement, the body is able to focus its energy on repairing the broken bone, which can promote faster healing.
• Applying ice to the affected area for 20-minute intervals can help to alleviate swelling and reduce inflammation. To achieve the best results, it is recommended to repeat the icing every 40 minutes. This can help to minimize pain and discomfort, while also supporting the body’s natural healing processes.
• Compression is an effective way to minimize edema, or swelling, in the affected area. By applying pressure to the wound, a compression wrap, or bandage can help to reduce fluid buildup and support the healing process. This can also help to alleviate pain and discomfort by providing additional stability and support to the injured area.
• Elevating the foot and ankle just above the level of the heart can be helpful in reducing inflammation and swelling. By raising the affected area, excess fluid is able to drain away, which can help to alleviate pain and discomfort. This can also support the body’s natural healing processes by promoting healthy blood flow and reducing pressure on the affected area.

Medications

If needed, your doctor may recommend taking an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen to help manage pain and discomfort associated with a broken foot. This medication can be effective in reducing pain, but it is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any new medications.

Therapy

You will likely need to relax tight muscles and ligaments in your foot after your bone has healed. You can learn stretching and strengthening exercises from a physical therapist.

Surgical and other procedures

• Reduction. In cases of a displaced fracture where the two ends of the broken bone are not aligned, a medical procedure called reduction may be necessary. Reduction involves manually repositioning the bone fragments to their appropriate locations, which may require the use of muscle relaxants, sedatives, or general anesthesia depending on the severity of pain and swelling. It is crucial to follow the healthcare provider’s recommendations and ensure a safe and effective treatment.
• Immobilization. When a bone is fractured, immobilization is necessary to allow the ends of the bone to fuse and heal. A cast is typically the preferred method for achieving this. For minor foot fractures, a brace, boot, or shoe with a stiff sole that can be removed may be adequate. In cases where only a toe is fractured, taping the affected toe to a neighboring toe with a piece of gauze in between can provide sufficient immobilization.
• Surgery. In some cases, an orthopedic surgeon may use pins, plates, or screws to keep the broken bones in the proper position while they heal, although effective in ensuring proper healing, these devices may also be noticeable or uncomfortable for some patients. Once the fracture has fully healed, the surgeon may recommend removing these devices, depending on the individual case. This can help to improve comfort and mobility, while also minimizing the risk of future complications.