Antiphospholipid syndrome

Diagnosis

The healthcare provider can schedule blood tests to look for clotting and the presence of the antibodies linked to antiphospholipid syndrome if the patient had experienced episodes of blood clots or pregnancy loss that are unexplainable by known medical illnesses.

The presence of the antibodies in the blood must be detected at least twice, in tests done 12 weeks or more apart, to confirm a diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Despite having antiphospholipid antibodies, a patient may not exhibit any signs or symptoms. Antiphospholipid syndrome is only diagnosed when these antibodies result in medical issues.

Treatment

The primary objective of treating antiphospholipid syndrome is to stop the occurrence of the illnesses it is causing, such as blood clots and/or miscarriages.

• Medication: A mix of blood-thinning drugs make up the standard initial treatment for patients who develop blood clots. Warfarin and heparin are the two most popular.
  • IV Heparin is injected and has a quick onset of action.
  • Oral Warfarin is a medication that is taken orally and takes several days to work.
  • Aspirin which can help prevent blood clots, may be taken by individuals with antiphospholipid syndrome who have experienced a blood clot in an artery.

Patients are more likely to experience bleeding episodes when taking blood thinners. Blood tests will be used to monitor the dosage and ensure that the patient’s blood can clot effectively enough to stop the bleeding from cuts or bruises under the skin.

Other medications may be useful in treating antiphospholipid syndrome, according to some research. These include statins, rituximab, and hydroxychloroquine. More research is required.

• Treatment during pregnancy: If treated properly, a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome is still capable of becoming pregnant. Heparin or heparin and aspirin is typically used as a treatment. Because warfarin can harm the fetus, pregnant women are not allowed to take it.
  • Enoxaparin injections and low-dose aspirin: The typical therapy for women with antiphospholipid syndrome to avoid miscarriages consists of enoxaparin injections and low-dose aspirin. The combo therapy begins early in the pregnancy and is continued in the period right after the baby is delivered.
  • IV immunoglobulin infusions: IV immunoglobulin infusions may be used for recurrent miscarriage in more challenging circumstances. Immune system disorders are treated with immunoglobulin infusions.
  • Corticosteroid (prednisone): Corticosteroids like prednisone or prednisolone may be used in more complex cases of recurrent miscarriage.