Ameloblastoma

Diagnosis

During a routine dental check-up, the dentist might identify a potential ameloblastoma through X-rays. If detected, they are likely to refer you to a specialist for further tests. Additional imaging methods such as X-rays of both the upper and lower jaw, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scans are often employed to obtain detailed images of the affected area. These imaging techniques assist in evaluating the tumor’s size and potential extent, providing valuable insights for comprehensive treatment planning.

To confirm the diagnosis definitively, a healthcare provider may perform a biopsy, extracting a tissue or cell sample from the affected area. This sample is then sent to a laboratory for further analysis. These diagnostic procedures are crucial in accurately identifying and characterizing the ameloblastoma, ensuring appropriate management and treatment decisions.

Treatment

The treatment of ameloblastoma could be influenced by factors such as the size and location of the tumor, as well as the type and appearance of the involved cells. Most cases of ameloblastoma is addressed through surgical procedures.

The selection of a specific surgical approach is influenced by several factors, including the tumor’s metastatic potential, the risk of post-surgical recurrence, the patient’s overall health, and the potential impact of various surgical methods on the individual’s quality of life.

• Conservative surgery: The healthcare provider removes the tumor along with a small portion of healthy tissue and bone.
• Radical surgery: Radical surgery involves the removal of a more extensive amount of healthy tissue and bone to minimize the risk of tumor recurrence. Individuals undergoing radical surgery for ameloblastomas often undergo reconstructive procedures to replace the removed healthy tissue and bone, aiming to mitigate any physical differences that the surgery may cause. The jaw may also function and appear better. One’s ability to speak and eat may be improved by the procedure.

Other treatment options for ameloblastomas include:

• Radiation therapy: When surgery is not a possibility, high-powered energy beam radiation therapy may be recommended.
• Prosthetics: Artificial teeth to replace missing teeth or other structures in the mouth that are damaged may be suggested.
• Supportive care: Physical therapists, dietitians, and speech and language therapists can aid in addressing difficulties with speaking, swallowing, and eating throughout and following treatment.

Ameloblastomas have the potential to recur several years post-surgery. The healthcare provider may advise undergoing annual checkups for a period of five years as a precautionary measure.