The pituitary gland creates the human growth hormone and too much secretion of this growth hormone leads to endocrine disorder called gigantism, a condition marked by an extremely big body size for the child’s age. On the other side, when the levels of the human growth hormone are decreased, this hormone is secreted in very less amount the child will stay extremely small in size(dwarfism).
Etiology Gigantism condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood before the long bone epiphyses closes.
Sypmtoms or Characteristic
Excessive growth during childhood.
Frontal bossing and a prominent jaw
Thickening of the facial features
Disproportionately large hands and feet with thick fingers and toes
Increased perspiration
Weakness
Secretion of breast milk
Irregular menstruation
Headache
Delayed onset of puberty
Double vision or difficulty with peripheral vision
Treatment
Surgery is the treatment of choice. For situations in which surgery cannot completely remove the tumor, medication is the treatment of choice.
The most effective medications that reduce growth hormone secretions are:
Somatostatin analogs
Dopamine Agonist
Radiation Therapy- used to normalize growth hormone levels
Etiology Dwarfism can result from myriad medical conditions, each with its own separate symptoms and causes. Two disorders, achondroplasia and growth hormone deficiency (also known as pituitary dwarfism), are responsible for the majority of dwarfism cases.
Characteristic A typical defining characteristic of dwarfism is an adult height of less than 147 cm (4 ft 10 in). Since those with dwarfism have such a wide range of physical characteristics, variations in individuals are identified by diagnosing and monitoring the underlying disorders.
Management
Genetic defects of most forms of dwarfism caused by bone dysplasia cannot be corrected, so therapeutic interventions are typically aimed at preventing or reducing pain or physical disability, increasing adult height, or mitigating psychosocial stresses and enhancing social adaptation.
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